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Coastal zones are the ever changing frontiers between land and sea - constantly shaped by wind, weather and tide, these are the most dynamic of the earth’s ocean habitats.

At 650 km in length, the coast of Northern Ireland is relatively short - yet it supports an exceptional diversity of marine wildlife and their habitats. The coast includes highly productive and biologically diverse ecosystems, with features which serve as critical natural defences against storms, floods and erosion. A number of species and habitats are recognized as internationally important and the majority of our beautiful coastline is protected for its special interest.

A range of potentially conflicting uses affects the coast and coastal waters. This dynamic fringe supports tourism, agriculture, aquaculture, inshore fisheries, industry, military and civil firing ranges, commercial harbours and quays as well as being used for waste disposal, aggregate mining and power generation. All these activities and more, occur in a zone well known for its natural propensity to change.

The concept of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) has developed in recognition of the declining status of coastal zones, e.g. resource depletion, over development, habitat loss, pollution, vulnerability to climate change and sea-level rise, coupled with an awareness of the benefits of adopting an integrated approach to coastal management practices. ICZM may also be an effective means of avoiding and resolving conflicts where there are competing uses of coastal areas, amenities and resources.